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Abstract

Fraud Loss Prevention eBook

Every day hackers are stealing millions from websites and this
is the book that will help you detect it happening on yours. Detecting
Malice was written to help website administrators, developers,
operations personelle and security product managers in building and
maintaining a higher security posture. Understanding user intent is the
cornerstone for reducing fraud ratios in modern web applications. From
retail to government, this book covers many different realms of fraud
and how to detect it at many different technical layers. From DNS and
TCP to embedded content and browser fingerprinting techniques it is
possible to identify users who are most likely to become dangerous
often before it actually happens. A plethora of techniques and examples
are all available to you within the 300+ pages of this book.

Table of Contents:
Detecting Malice: Preface
User Disposition
Deducing Without Knowing
Book Overview
Who Should Read This Book?
Why Now?
A Note on Style
Working Without a Silver Bullet
Special Thanks
Chapter 1 - DNS and TCP: The Foundations of Application Security
In the Beginning Was DNS
Same-Origin Policy and DNS Rebinding
DNS Zone Transfers and Updates
DNS Enumeration
TCP/IP
Spoofing and the Three-Way Handshake
Passive OS Fingerprinting with pOf
TCP Timing Analysis
Network DoS and DDoS Attacks
Attacks Against DNS
TCP DoS
Low Bandwidth DoS
Using DoS As Self-Defense
Motives for DoS Attacks
DoS Conspiracies
Port Scanning
With That Out of the Way...
Chapter 2 - IP Address Forensics
What Can an IP Address Tell You?
Reverse DNS Resolution
WHOIS Database
Geolocation
Real-Time Block Lists and IP Address Reputation
Related IP Addresses
When IP Address Is A Server
Web Servers as Clients
Dealing with Virtual Hosts
Proxies and Their Impact on IP Address Forensics
Network-Level Proxies
HTTP Proxies
AOL Proxies
Anonymization Services
Tor Onion Routing
Obscure Ways to Hide IP Address
IP Address Forensics
To Block or Not?
Chapter 3 - Time
Traffic Patterns
Event Correlation
Daylight Savings
Forensics and Time Synchronization
Humans and Physical Limitations
Gold Farming
CAPTCHA Breaking
Holidays and Prime Time
Risk Mitigation Using Time Locks
The Future is a Fog
Chapter 4 - Request Methods and HTTP Protocols
Request Methods
GET
POST
PUT and DELETE
OPTIONS
CONNECT
HEAD
TRACE
Invalid Request Methods
Random Binary Request Methods
Lowercase Method Names
Extraneous White Space on the Request Line
HTTP Protocols
Missing Protocol Information
HTTP 1.0 vs. HTTP 1.1
Invalid Protocols and Version Numbers
Newlines and Carriage Returns
Summary
Chapter 5 - Referring URL
Referer Header
Information Leakage through Referer
Disclosing Too Much
Spot the Phony Referring URL
Third-Party Content Referring URL Disclosure
What Lurks in Your Logs
Referer and Search Engines
Language, Location, and the Politics That Comes With It
Google Dorks
Natural Search Strings
Vanity Search
Black Hat Search Engine Marketing and Optimization
Referring URL Availability
Direct Page Access
Meta Refresh
Links from SSL/TLS Sites
Links from Local Pages
Users' Privacy Concerns
Determining Why Referer Isn't There
Referer Reliability
Redirection
Impact of Cross-Site Request Forgery
Is the Referring URL a Fake?
Referral Spam
Last thoughts
Chapter 6 - Request URL
What Does A Typical HTTP Request Look Like?
Watching For Things That Dont Belong
Domain Name in the Request Field
Proxy Access Attempts
Anchor Identifiers
Common Request URL Attacks
Remote File Inclusion
SQL Injection
HTTP Response Splitting
NUL Byte Injection
Pipes and System Command Execution
Cross-Site Scripting
Web Server Fingerprinting
Invalid URL Encoding
Well-Known Server Files
Easter Eggs
Admin Directories
Automated Application Discovery
Well-Known Files
Crossdomain.xml
Robots.txt
Google Sitemaps
Summary
Chapter 7 - User-Agent Identification
What is in a User-Agent Header?
Malware and Plugin Indicators
Software Versions and Patch Levels
User-Agent Spoofing
Cross Checking User-Agent against Other Headers
User-Agent Spam
Indirect Access Services
Google Translate
Traces of Application Security Tools
Common User-Agent Attacks
Search Engine Impersonation
Summary
Chapter 8 - Request Header Anomalies
Hostname
Requests Missing Host Header
Mixed-Case Hostnames in Host and Referring URL Headers
Cookies
Cookie Abuse
Cookie Fingerprinting
Cross Site Cooking
Assorted Request Header Anomalies
Expect Header XSS
Headers Sent by Application Vulnerability Scanners
Cache Control Headers
Accept CSRF Deterrent
Language and Character Set Headers
Dash Dash Dash
From Robot Identification
Content-Type Mistakes
Common Mobile Phone Request Headers
X-Moz Prefetching
Summary
Chapter 9 - Embedded Content
Embedded Styles
Detecting Robots
Detecting CSRF Attacks
Embedded JavaScript
Embedded Objects
Request Order
Cookie Stuffing
Impact of Content Delivery Networks on Security
Asset File Name Versioning
Summary
Chapter 10 - Attacks Against Site Functionality
Attacks Against Sign-In
Brute-Force Attacks Against Sign-In
Phishing Attacks
Registration
Username Choice
Brute Force Attacks Against Registration
Account Pharming
What to Learn from the Registration Data
Fun With Passwords
Forgot Password
Password DoS Attacks
Dont Show Anyone Their Passwords
User to User Communication
Summary
Chapter 11 - History
Our Past
History Repeats Itself
Cookies
JavaScript Database
Internet Explorer Persistence
Flash Cookies
CSS History
Refresh
Same Page, Same IP, Different Headers
Cache and Translation Services
Uniqueness
DNS Pinning Part Two
Biometrics
Breakout Fraud
Summary
Chapter 12 - Denial of Service
What Are Denial Of Service Attacks?
Distributed DoS Attacks
My First Denial of Service Lesson
Request Flooding
Identifying Reaction Strategies
Database DoS
Targeting Search Facilities
Unusual DoS Vectors
Banner Advertising DoS
Chargeback DoS
The Great Firewall of China
Email Blacklisting
Dealing With Denial Of Service Attacks
Detection
Mitigation
Summary
Chapter 13 - Rate of Movement
Rates
Timing Differences
CAPTCHAs
Click Fraud
Warhol or Flash Worm
Samy Worm
Inverse Waterfall
Pornography Duration
Repetition
Scrapers
Spiderweb
Summary
Chapter 14 - Ports, Services, APIs, Protocols and 3rd Parties
Ports, Services, APIs, Protocols, 3rd Parties, oh my
SSL and Man in the middle Attacks
Performance
SSL/TLS Abuse
FTP
Webmail Compromise
Third Party APIs and Web Services
2nd Factor Authentication and Federation
Other Ports and Services
Summary
Chapter 15 - Browser Sniffing
Browser Detection
Black Dragon, Master Reconnaissance Tool and BeEF
Java Internal IP Address
MIME Encoding and MIME Sniffing
Windows Media Player Super Cookie
Virtual Machines, Machine Fingerprinting and Applications
Monkey See Browser Fingerprinting Software Monkey Do Malware
Malware and Machine Fingerprinting Value
Unmasking Anonymous Users
Java Sockets
De-cloaking Techniques
Persistence, Cookies and Flash Cookies Redux
Additional Browser Fingerprinting Techniques
Summary
Chapter 16 - Uploaded Content
Content
Images
Hashing
Image Watermarking
Image Steganography
EXIF Data In Images
GDI+ Exploit
Warez
Child Pornography
Copyrights and Nefarious Imagery
Sharm el Sheikh Case Study
Imagecrash
Text
Text Stenography
Blog and Comment Spam
Power of the Herd
Profane Language
Localization and Internationalization
HTML
Summary
Chapter 17 - Loss Prevention
Lessons From The Offline World
Subliminal Imagery
Security Badges
Prevention Through Fuzzy Matching
Manual Fraud Analysis
Honeytokens
Summary
Chapter 18 - Wrapup
Mood Ring
Insanity
Blocking and the 4th Wall Problem
Booby Trapping Your Application
Heuristics Age
Know Thy Enemy
Race, Sex, Religion
Profiling
Ethnographic Landscape
Calculated Risks
Correlation and Causality
Conclusion
About Robert Hansen

Detecting Malice is written by Robert "RSnake" Hansen, the
author of the noted ha.ckers web application security lab. Mr.
Hansen has spoken at industry conferences around the world and is
widely considered to be a foremost expert in web application security
and online fraud. Drawing on well over a decade of web application
security experience, the book was written to be a relevant look into
the deep technical nuances of user interaction. By being extremely
observant and having the correct logging in place it is possible to
dramatically reduce online fraud. Whether you are simply an enthusiast
or are in charge of a Fortune 500, you will gain deep insights into the
tools and techniques available to improve fraud loss prevention. Using
practical and real-world examples, the book walks through the different
layers in a highly digestable way, that is valuable to practitioners at
almost every level of technical abilities.

Read what other experts are saying about Detecting Malice:

- "I can tell you that it is, without a doubt, the best web security
book I have ever had the pleasure to read." - David Mortman, CSO -
Echelon One
- "Detecting Malice is a must-read resource for anyone tasked with
protecting a website. It is incredibly detailed and comprehensive,
without all the usual cruft you see filling up other books on the
topic. If you have a website, have logs, and want to know what the
bad guys are trying to do to you (and trust me, we're all targets),
then this is the only resource out there to help you understand what
they're doing, how to defend yourself, and how to turn the tables
and unmask your attacker. It's written in a very accessible informal
style, yet still loaded with content and practical examples." - Rich
Mogull, CEO - Securosis
- "It approached security from a different perspective than I
usually do. As an application developer, I'm usually razor focused
on what can break, how it can break, and how to prevent it. I'd
never really thought to identify suspicious users or had time to
sift through logs and see the interesting and/or aberrant trends.
The CSRF detection examples do a great job of illustrating how
careful log analysis of strange behavior can help identify known
attacks to which your site is vulnerable as well as help identify
users worth watching for new attack methods. The focus on what
common attacks look like on the server rather than how they work is
also useful. It's influenced what I log, how I watch logs, and how I
mitigate detected attacks." - Nick Sivo, CTO/Founder - Loopt
- "If you spend millions on Search Marketing or even just a few
hundred dollars this book is a must read, don't let your efforts go
to waste by being caught out." - David Naylor, CEO - Bronco Web
Design
- ""Detecting Malice" really is a fantastic opus of WebAppSec
wisdom." - Chris Hoff, Director, Cloud & Virtualization Solutions -
Cisco
- "This book leaves the reader with the conclusion why some
web-based attacks go unnoticed. It illustrates why our current tools
and techniques are not built to detect them...yet! But just wait
until the web security vendors read Detecting Malice!" - Quincy
Jackson, IT Security Manager - British Petroleum
- "Shell out the $39 for the 300 page e-Book Detecting Malice,
written by Robert Hansen (aka RSnake, on Twitter at @RSnake) and
actually read it. I can't believe I'm actually endorsing a freaking
e-Book, but its really that good. I don't know Robert personally,
I'm not endorsing it as a favor or because I like him as a person.
For all I know he eats puppies for breakfast. But his book is
fantastic." - Alison Gianotto, Author of Professional PHP4 Web
Development Solutions
- "'He does a great job of covering the landscape, talking in plain
language without a lot of technical jargon and with many clear
examples.... I highly recommend this book, well worth the time and
money. It will stimulate your thinking and certainly raise your
level of paranoia, and perhaps level of motivation, to lock things
down.'" - David Strom - Owner - David Strom Inc.
- "'Detecing Malice' by Robert 'RSnake' Hansen is a must read for
security technologists, especially incident responders attempting to
deal with the constantly advancing threats to web applications.
'Detecting Malice' uses simple language to help readers build a
complex technical foundation to understand the most current web
attack methodologies. More importantly however, Hansen provides
real-world examples of attacks and provides methods to determine the
intent of an attacker from a seemingly benign piece of information.
This blend of technical know-how and psycho-analysis allows the
reader a rare opportunity to understand the art of web application
security." - Michael Montecillo, Threat Research and Intelligence
Principal - IBM Security Services
- "Anyone I bring it up to first complains about the $40 eBook, but
it's the best technical book I've bought in a while." - David Meier,
Consultant - Aeritae Consulting Group
__________________________________________________________________

By purchasing the Detecting Malice anti-fraud eBook you'll get
immediate access to:

* 300+ pages of highly technical detail and insights
* Deep de-composition of threats at multiple OSI layers
* Useful examples and real-world vignettes
* Industry insights on detection of malicious activity
* Useful analysis on isolating hack attempts
* Written for businesses and websites of all sizes
* Security content found nowhere else
* Hundreds of examples and pictures
* Written in small bite-sized anecdotes
* Adobe PDF format for easy portability and readability
* Extremely detailed real-life deconstructed hack attempts
* DRM free, allowing you to convert and read it as you see fit

ClickBank sells Detecting Malice. They are a trusted online retailer
specializing in digitally delivered products. When you purchase the
book, you will be taken to your download immediately. As this is an
electronic book, no physical product will be delivered.

Order your copy of Detecting Malice today for only $39.95 USD.
-

Please contact us if you have any questions, comments or errata.
Copyright � 2011 SecTheory Ltd - All Rights Reserved. All Wrongs
Observed.

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